Behaviour of Democratic Leaders in organisation Research Paper

Conduct of Democratic Leaders in association - Research Paper Example Hierarchical conduct tends to the investigation of how people, as opposed to associations, carry on inside the authoritative circumstance. The field of study gives itself to comprehend, clarify and thus improve the practices and mentalities of individuals and gatherings inside associations. A pioneer who is vote based offers the vision and dynamic procedures with others in an association and advances higher confidence. Studies have indicated that law based administration can possibly prompt more elevated levels of responsibility, contribution, fulfillment and efficiency among adherents (Lee and Rosenbloom 69). This venture will investigate the vote based part of authoritative conduct of pioneers, utilizing an organization contextual investigation to put more accentuation on the discoveries. It will additionally address the issues and difficulties confronting popularity based pioneers and propose arrangements. A just pioneer is the power behind the inspiration and accomplishment of an association. Basic their conduct is a solid quality of self-viability, which is likewise alluded to as the social subjective hypothesis. The vote based pioneers apply these ideas to characterize various zones inside the hierarchical structure. The single viewpoint that separates heads with law based conduct from different pioneers is the sharing of the handling of deciding (Choi 249). Just pioneers center around showing up at choices through winning agreement. This is on the grounds that at whatever point there is agreement, there is consistently a more noteworthy duty to strategies, procedures and targets since trust is a key element of this style of administration, which connects well with the helpfulness of the working atmosphere. In any event, for pioneers who are sufficiently open to concede that they don't know about what should be done, a pool of skilled representatives can contribute superb information that will move the association towards it objectives (Montana and Bruce 149). The popularity based pioneer comprehends that workers who have been bolstered and offered time to develop in their vocations can make productive colleagues that comprehend the authoritative culture. Then again, being despotic just smothers their latent capacity, frustrating their development which is inconvenient to themselves, the pioneer and the association (Montana and Bruce 112). In the dynamic job of pioneers, the law based ones will recognize that as a procedure, recognition is an idea all representatives go through in their regular exercises, in or out of the work setting. They perceive that when workers meet associates and different pioneers and assess exhibitions, pass decisions and at last settle on business choices, it is their view of those occasions that will advise the following move they make. Along these lines, regardless of whether defective or precise, their recognition is their world. The mutilating or causal components to employees’ discernment signi ficantly influence the effect of hierarchical conduct and efficiency. In contrast to the despotic or coercive pioneers, a popularity based authority will impact its devotees to move from inclinations of creating keen alternate routes equipped for arching both negative and constructive outcomes in their creation of decisions (George and Jones 31). Along these lines, they display and coordinate rules that immediate colleagues in their procedures of deciding. Such models have an accentuation on forming corporate recognitions. For example, despite the fact that not to imply that they need authority, a fair chief doesn't force mandates on supporters. Or maybe, this style of lea

Db1 managing high performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db1 overseeing elite - Research Paper Example I lean toward the free rule sort of administration to the dictatorial. Free rule administration style is inspirational to representatives, and it gives them space to trade thoughts inside themselves and even work towards a similar objective. Dictatorial doesn't give the representatives space to take an interest in the dynamic procedure, practicing of individual initiative styles subsequently affecting adversely on laborer gifts and aptitudes (Gino, 2013). While working with Digg Company, I watched the administration styles utilized by the organization chief, Mr. Willy to be free enterprise. Mr. Willy designated obligations, duties combined with sufficient power to his lesser staff, gave them space to partake in the dynamic procedure, and without exacting management. It helped the organization meet its set objectives inside the period; workers felt empowered and roused. In actuality, Mrs. Helena, the salesperson of Frontier Marketers Company, where I began my profession, planned an imperious style that didn't make progress (Benincasa, 2012). She cruelly guided her workers, terminated and employed all of a sudden. It prompted representatives feeling substandard, couldn't contribute a lot to organization’s improvement, and soon misfortunes struck the organization. Benincasa, R. (2012, JUNE). 6 Leadership Styles, And When You Should Use Them. Recovered OCT 8, 2014, from FC initiative: http://www.fastcompany.com/1838481/6-authority styles-and-when-you-should-utilize them Nayab, N. (2011, SEPT 28). Instances of Companies with Autocratic Leadership. Recovered OCT 8, 2014, from Bride Hub Project Managment:

Christology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Christology - Essay Example As per the Jewish standard, Jesus went to Jerusalem with His folks and kin for the yearly celebrations and contributions. He was immersed in much water by John the Baptist in River Jordan. Prior to going into undeniable service, He sat in the sanctuary with the seniors and contended from the sacred writing. The good book proclaims that he developed in knowledge and height and discovered kindness with man and God. Over the span of His service, He crossed numerous countries lecturing the gospel and recuperating the wiped out. He ate with His devotees and experienced allurements simply like some other human did. The holy book records that He â€Å"learnt dutifulness through what He suffered† (Elwell, 240). He was deceived by Judas, killed and was covered in human structure. Jesus was additionally divinity along these lines inciting Him to affirm that Him and the Father are one. Elwell looked into and found that most Christians ask for the sake of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit (244). On His last day, He supplicated that the Father’s will be finished. Elwell affirms this was subsequent to affirming to the supporters that He would not disregard them when He was gone, yet would send them an aide, the Holy Spirit who might disclose to them all the desire of God. This affirms Christ is god (583). Jesus was man and God simultaneously. The expression of God which was God Himself became fragile living creature and stayed among men.

Research paper about Pitney Bowes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

About Pitney Bowes - Research Paper Example As a pioneer in the arrangement of programming and equipment capacities identifying with data, the association faces the need to initiate better than ever methods of activities so as to understand its goals. The authoritative advancement plan, in this way, tries to reveal insight into probably the most basic regions of activity notwithstanding offering the new techniques that ought to be embraced by the association so as to understand these changes. Presentation and extent of the arrangement The significant reason for this hierarchical advancement plan is to realize change and change at Pitney Bowes and improve the exhibition of the association in the different parts, as spelled in this arrangement. In particular, the arrangement looks to empower the association to understand its destinations as illuminated in the key arrangement, accomplish its vision and to change the general execution of the association towards the better. With regards to overseeing sends, the organization tries t o alter the business, as it has consistently done. All the more significantly, the arrangement tries to guarantee that the association satisfies its statement of purpose of conveying investor and client esteem through the arrangement of value benefits in the market. Basically, this is a report equipped towards directing the advancement of the association taking thought of the way that the current business condition has gotten practically questionable and, consequently, associations should consistently endeavor to accomplish and convey the best in the market (Pederson, 2010). The arrangement will additionally screen the acknowledgment of these objectives through a precise procedure that connections up to the very desires for the customers and different partners of the association. The arrangement is secured on the Pitney Bowes hierarchical culture which weights on the strengthening of staff and building the certainty of the organization’s clients dissipated over the world (Lus terman, 2001). It s imperative to understand that any unmistakable hierarchical achievement must be acknowledged whether the systems and goals of the association are explained well and comprehended by all partners. Everyone ought to be in the ability to obviously comprehend their obligations and jobs towards the general improvement of the association. Foundation Pitney Bowes has consistently sought after a scope of exercises outfitted towards the advancement of the association since its development (2006). Quite a bit of these progressions have consistently rotated around the foundation of a legitimate hierarchical structure that can guarantee simple administration and dynamic. What's more, globalization and the new alternatives achieved by innovation have constrained the association to profoundly change its tasks so as to consent to these requests of time. This is acknowledged in the zones of research, advancement and innovation where colossal speculations have been made in the ong oing past so as to improve tasks and encourage worldwide activities. Without a doubt, the association advancement plan presents a decent reason for the association to successfully arrange its tasks and deal with its expanding issues over the world. The idea of authoritative advancement is not, at this point an ordinary undertaking in the business world. It requires appropriate systems and adequate asset distributions so as to succeed. Pitney Bowes has consistently been a main supplier of administrations and items in correspondence over

British Government Essay

Assess various techniques for evaluating the present elimination rate. Do you believe that people will instigate a mass termination on a similar scale as the Big Five? Presentation: There is agreement in established researchers that the ebb and flow enormous corruption of natural surroundings and elimination of a significant number of the Earth’s biota is extraordinary and is occurring on a calamitously short timescale. In light of annihilation rates evaluated to be a large number of times the foundation rate, figures moving toward 30% killing of all species by the mid 21st century are not unreasonable, an occasion similar to a portion of the disastrous mass elimination occasions of the past. The present pace of rainforest devastation represents a significant risk to animal categories assorted variety. Similarly, the debasement of the marine biological systems is straightforwardly obvious through the denudation of species that were once prevailing and essential to such environments. For sure, this colloquium is confined by a view that if the current worldwide annihilation occasion is of the size that is by all accounts all around demonstrated by the current information, at that point its belongings will on a very basic level reset the future development of the planet’s biota. Robert Whittaker perceived an extra realm for the Fungi. The subsequent five-realm framework, proposed in 1969, has gotten a well known norm and with some refinement is as yet utilized in numerous works, or structures the reason for more up to date multi-realm frameworks. It depends principally on contrasts in nourishment: his Plantae were generally multicellular autotrophs, his Animalia multicellular, heterotrophs and his Fungi multicellular saprotrophs. The staying two realms, Protista and Monera, included unicellular and straightforward cell states. Termination rates in the fossil records: The time at which a living being is named turning out to be wiped out is the point at which the most youthful fossil of its structure is found. All things considered, there would have been later instances of the living being available, which were essentially not protected. It is realized that a few genera have existed for extensive stretches around this time without leaving any known fossil record by the marvels of Lazarus taxa. It is accepted that these life forms were just not protected during the time they are missing, or safeguarded in seaward silt up 'til now unfamiliar. This may likewise be the situation with numerous different living beings making the hallucination they are getting wiped out before they are in actuality. Natural Evolutionary Factor influencing the past annihilation: Many case that human action caused an enormous size of plants and creatures elimination. The others guarantee that human caused annihilations are on a comparative scale to those that happened 65 million years back at the limit between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods when most species died including the dinosaurs. This causes two unmistakable concerns: (1) The loss of species will hurt people (2) Quite separated from any damage to people; there is an obligation to forestall â€Å"ecocide†. As indicated by Peter Raven (National Academy of Science) â€Å"We are defying a scene of species annihilation more noteworthy than anything the world has encountered for as long as 65 million years. Of all the worldwide issues that defy us, this is the one that is moving the most quickly and the one that will have the most genuine results. Furthermore, not at all like other worldwide natural issues, it is totally irreversible. † Different individuals assess this obligation in an unexpected way. Since the reason for these pages is build up the maintainability of material advancement, I’ll take the view that despite the fact that biodiversity is a significant courtesy, we are for the most part worried about the degree to which misfortunes of decent variety are a risk to human advancement. One intriguing certainty with regards to the article concerns the impact of an expansion in temperature on the north-south scope of a plant animal types, particularly of trees. Notably, the northern furthest reaches of an animal varieties is dictated by temperature. As that breaking point is moved toward the pace of development goes to zero. Be that as it may, the pace of development of an animal groups doesn't decay as it moves toward the southern furthest reaches of its range yet stays steady or even increments. What decides a species’ southern limit is rivalry from different species that require high temperatures. Hence the southern limit of an animal groups is probably going to change gradually as its domain is progressively attacked by species preferring warm temperature. The attack is probably going to start in holes brought about by logging and different sorts of cease to exist. As per Lord Robert May (FRS)- Chief Scientific Adviser to the British Government. â€Å"Hardly a day goes without one being informed that tropical deforestation is dousing approximately one animal groups each hour, or perhaps one consistently. Such rough approximations depend on inexact species-region relations, alongside appraisals of current paces of deforestation and speculations at the worldwide complete number of species (which run from 5 to 80 million or more. ) While such figures seemingly have a reason in catching open consideration, there is an unmistakable and expanding requirement for better gauges of approaching paces of termination, in view of a quicker comprehension of eradication rates in the ongoing and far past, and on the hidden environmental and transformative causes. † Scientists who stress over eradications regularly concur that the world will arrive at another harmony as temperature increments †expecting it does. Notwithstanding, they stress that the pace of increment of temperature is remarkable and that species, particularly of plants, will move northward too gradually and get wiped out. About 43 percent of the earth’s earthbound vegetated surface has decreased ability to flexibly profit to mankind as a result of the ongoing, direct effects of the land use. This speaks to 10 percent decrease in potential direct instrumental worth (PDIV), characterized as the possibility to yield direct advantages, for example, agrarian, ranger service, modern and clinical items. Gaining by the normal recuperation instruments is desperately expected to forestall further irreversible debasement and to hold the different estimations of profitable land. Contrasts in eradication rates among gatherings: Estimated Future annihilation rates from the species territory relations: A superior method of considering paces of complete biota elimination levels has been created with the examination of isotopic proportions of Carbon. At the point when life is copious there is totally carbon-12 inside the geographical record. Catalysts inside life forms, going into natural issue quicker, more proficiently acknowledge this isotope, which becomes lithified into rock. Now and again of brought down biotic action, for example, at an annihilation occasion when a ton of life has been murdered, the proportion of carbon-13 inside the stones will be higher as a higher extent of carbon will be fixed as carbonates inorganically. Inorganic precipitation of carbon doesn't separate between the various isotopes of carbon as life does. By investigations of carbon isotope proportions it is then conceivable to see, by tops in the carbon-13, at what times there has been a decrease of biotic action. This is free of whether life forms present are being safeguarded or not, and appears at what rates the annihilation is happening. Evaluated future annihilation rates from IUCN red Lists: Recent eradication rates are 100 to multiple times their pre-human levels notable, however systematically assorted gatherings from broadly various situations. On the off chance that all species as of now considered compromised become wiped out in the following century, at that point the future eradication rates will be multiple times late rates. Albeit new innovation gives subtleties on living space misfortunes, evaluations of future annihilations are hampered by our constrained information on which territories are wealthy in endemics. The 2004 IUCN Red List contains 15,589 species undermined with elimination. The evaluation incorporates species from an expansive scope of scientific categorizations including vertebrates, spineless creatures, plants, and organisms. Be that as it may, this figure is a belittle of the all out number of undermined species as it depends on an appraisal of under 3% of the world’s 1. 9 million portrayed species. Among significant species gatherings, the level of compromised species runs somewhere in the range of 12% and 52%. The IUCN Red List recognizes 12% of winged animals as compromised, 23% of warm blooded animals, and 32% of creatures of land and water. Despite the fact that reptiles have not been totally surveyed, the turtles and tortoises are generally very much looked into with 42% undermined. Fishes are additionally inadequately spoken to, however approximately 33% of sharks, beams and figments have been evaluated and 18% of this gathering is undermined. Territorial contextual investigations on freshwater angles show that these species may be more undermined than marine species. For instance, 27% of the freshwater species surveyed in Eastern Africa were recorded as compromised. Of plants, just conifers and cycads have been totally evaluated with 25% and 52% undermined separately. References: Robert M. May, John H. Lawton and Nigel E. Stork. â€Å" Assessing Extinction Rates† â€Å"Extinction Rate Analysis† http://palaeo. gly. bris. air conditioning. uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/rateanalysis. html â€Å"Restoring the incentive to the universes debased Lands† Gretchen C. Day by day â€Å"The eventual fate of biodiversity â€Å" Stuart L. Pimm, Gareth j. Russell, John L. Gittleman ,Thomas M. Creek â€Å"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species†http://www. iucn. organization/subjects/ssc/red_list_2004/GSAexecsumm_EN. htm References: IUCN 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp. ii+30. Parr C. S. also, Cummings M. P. 2005. Information partaking in biology and advancement. Patterns Ecol. Evol. 20: 362â€363. Purvis A. also, Rambaut A. 1995. Near investigation by autonomous complexities (CAIC): an Apple Macintosh application for examining similar information. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 11: 247â€251. Sherwood, Keith and Craig Idso (2003) â€Å"The Specter of Species Extinction Will G

Meta

Meta This entry is kind of inspired by an entry that Anthony wrote. Yes, I realize that he wrote it a month ago. Ive been kind of lame about reading everyone elses blogs. I would be happy to get feedback from my readers on this, both the regular commenters and the lurkers. I worry that the quality of my blogging has gone downhill as time has passed. When I first started blogging for Admissions, I wrote a number of what were basically essays on subjects that I had been thinking about for a long time, and had more entries that provided a snapshot of what I was actually doing, but that had a philosophical twist. The problem was that once these entries were written, I couldnt keep writing about the same topics over and over. So I started floundering when looking for inspiration. Or at least, I feel like I did it is quite possible that this blog is about the same now as it was at the beginning, and my perception is the result of insecurities on my part. On the opposite side of the coin, when I write too many philisophical essays about MIT, I start wondering if maybe my readers would rather just see some pictures of events after all. Though I think that I would have trouble writing this blog if those sorts of entries were the only ones I posted. Also, I got hosed. Junior year turned out to be ridiculously grueling for me. Its not even that I lack all sorts of stuff to ramble on about, but there are things that I cant/wont put into a public forum, even if they relate to topics that I could write well about, because of their sensitive nature. Peoples day to day angst. My feelings about various MIT policies and policy changes I put some of this in, but if Im actually going to be effective at dealing with the issues involved, I cannot blurt out exactly what I think about everything and everyone relevant. My feelings about internal politics and struggles within the UA, and other groups did you notice that I didnt actually write any entries about the UA elections while I was running for president (though that wasnt all for sensitivity reasonsfrankly I was exhausted during that time)? And much more. After three years of MIT life, Ive decided that a lot of the most interesting and inspiring aspects of many students lives are lived underground. So I search for a middle ground, try to keep this blog respectful of sensitivities without going too far into self-censorship, try to hint without spelling out. Its kind of like the hacking books MIT puts out, like Nightwork, which I referenced in my last entry they are interesting, inspiring, and provoke dreams among high school students about putting their own creations on top of the Great Dome someday. And they even go a little bit into the psychology, include some very insightful essays, drop some juicy details here and there. But its not like theyre really giving you the lowdown, the inside view on what it would be like to be a hacker at MIT, the actual accounts of people involved. They cant. Similarly, I cant give you the true lowdown on being an MIT student and neither can any other blogger, for whatever being an MIT student is to them just a modified version. Anthony and I have much in common weve discussed our blogging philosophies together several times but we have different perspectives on the vacuum nature of MIT that he alluded to in his entry. Interestingly, I think one of my best entries, written nearly a year ago, illustrates my perspective pretty well. I would like to think that students embracing MIT culture, and identifying strongly with the school, is less about them changing themselves to fit an MIT mold (not like theres really a typical MIT mold anyway), and more about the different characteristics of the subcultures that they choose helping them grow, and bringing out something from deep within them that they may not have known was there. A few other essay-style entries that I really like are here, here, here, and here. There are a few good photo-based, event-based entries as wellIm fond of this one. So I dont have any specific questions for you to answer, really, but responses to this entry would be helpful. I like to know what you think. I like what youre doing, keep it up is a valid answer, as are more critical views. As long as youre nice about it. :)

Critically Comment On Some Of The Various Forms Of Commitment To The Organization - Free Essay Example

A key aspect of the management task is to secure employee commitment to the organisation. Critically comment on some of the various forms of commitment and outline the problems involved in gaining employee commitment to an organisation. Introduction Employee commitment is a crucial ‘work attitude (Morris et al, 1993:22). It has been defined in several similar ways to emphasise its behavioural and psychological moorings. For instance: a stabilizing force that acts to maintain behavioural direction when expectancy/equity conditions are not met and do not function (Locke, 1976: 1298) and; â€Å" a psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (Allen Meyer, 1990:4). The level of commitment relates to several aspects such as satisfaction, turnover, cognitive resonance between different hierarchical levels, and performance on the job (Kreisman, 2002). The complexity in and importance of understanding employee commitment thus makes it a key feature of managerial task. This essay examines the body of knowledge from past research to reflect on such commitment and issues in harnessing it. Forms of Employee Commitment There has been extensive work in the area of dimensionality or typology of employee commitment (e.g. Vandenberg and Scapello, 1994; Williams and Hazer, 1986; Johnson and Yang 2010). This is drawn from, and has also in turn informed the understanding difficulties in gaining managerial commitment. Employees maybe committed for different reasons and thus different forms of commitment need to be contextualised. There is considerable overlap in the ‘architecture of forms posited by different writers as they have come to grips with this concept that is crucial for organisational performance (e.g. Bennett, 2000; Meyer et al., 2004). The three dimensional framework presented by Meyer and Allen (1997) and taken further the workplace model of Meyer and Herscovitch (2001), are central to most conceptualisations presented in extant research. The three dimensional framework posited the following as dimensions based on employee mind-sets: 1. Affective commitment: Is understoo d as the employees constructive emotional bonding to the organisation. Such an employee strongly associates himself/ herself with organisational goals and seeks to stay with the organisation because he/she wishes to do so. 2. Continuance commitment: Here the emotional quotient is largely moot and the employee perceives it to be very costly to lose organisational membership. This could be for a host of reasons right from financial costs of salary and benefits to social costs of ties and reputation. Such an employee stays with the organisation because he or she is tied in. 3. Normative commitment: There is an obligatory notion at play here. The employee feels to return the value commitments made in him/ her by the organisation. The loyalty aspect is strong- either due to individualised value perceptions that direct behaviour or due to social norms that apply to the context and relate with the environment the organisation belongs to. The fundamental basis of distinguishi ng between these is that they have very contrasting impacts on/ implications for behaviour (Meyer et al, 2004). This behaviour in turn has very important implications for the work environment and subsequent performance. Extant research indicates that affective commitment is strongly associated with not only job performance, but also with organisational citizenship, and often is a precursor to normative commitment. Continuance commitment is negatively associated with these aspects and usually needs to be moderated in favour of the other two forms of commitment (Johnson and Yang, 2010; Morris et al, 1993). This assertion also suggests that while all three forms of commitment are useful to operationalise they need to be scoped and balanced carefully. Employee commitment: The Pillars of Conceptualisation Another significant development in understanding employee commitment has been the approach to directing commitment towards specific targets or â€Å"foci†, that relate to employee behaviour at workplace (Johnson and Yang, 2010:230; Meyer et al, 2004:998). The theorisation in the area of employee commitment thus stands on two pillars- that of form and of focus. There is an arguably third pillar that is about the â€Å"bases of commitment† (Allen and Meyer, 1990: 3). These bases refer to factors that lead to development of the aforementioned forms of commitment. For instance, affective commitment can seem to be developed based on alignment of individual values with organisational values, and extent of personal involvement. On the other hand, normative commitment can be seen to be a function of social processes and cultural orientation that orients individuals towards reciprocation (Bennett, 2000). Continuous commitment which is a contrast to these two more constru ctive forms of commitment is a function of stakes that an employee builds in, or employee investment in a course of action (Meyer et al, 2004). The essence of conceptualisation around employee motivation is thus about variables of ‘form, ‘foci and of ‘bases. Recent work has tried to integrate commitment and motivation theories. This is to posit that there is a recursive and mutually enabling relationship between the two (Johnson and Yang, 2010). The contribution of this research has been to embed commitment as a subset of motivation and explain how â€Å"employees relationships with social foci influence behaviour relevant to the foci† (Meyer et al, 2004: 1003). Such integration provides for levers to augment commitment by providing variables such as goal choice, self-efficacy and goal directedness. It is particularly useful in developing the directional paradigm that is associated with commitment towards tasks or ‘foci (Johnson and Yang, 2010 ; Lawson and Price, 2003). Good Practice Prescriptions for Managers Such recent research has also followed up on Meyer et al, (2004) call for examining the motivation and commitment nexus to operationalise and deliver practice relevant levers for employee commitment. Johnson and Yang (2010) provide a perspective in this light by explicitly pinning down different motivations that influence the different forms of commitment. Their empirical analysis provides a model that can predict behavioural response to initiatives directed towards augmenting, reinforcing or balancing the different forms of motivations. Based on work that seeks to identify levers behind employee commitment the following practice relevant aspects can be identified for improving commitment (e.g. Vandenberghe et al, 2007). †¢ Clarity in communication about how organisational goals align with individual goals. This calls for the right-kind of â€Å"capacitated middle managers (Shibata et al, 1991). †¢ Building a legacy, and working on developing value based pr actices that see the organisation as a function of its members. †¢ Developing a trusting environment where communication is seen, heard and decisions are perceived as being fair. †¢ Building a community structure around work processes and across disciplinary areas- where people share and relate to their team and the broader organisational context. †¢ Enrich employee development on the job and through the job. This is by a reward and challenge environment -where developmental needs are encouraged to arise from the employees themselves Barriers to/Problems in achieving Employee Commitment The barriers or difficulties in eliciting employee commitment stem from several sources. The most cited one is that of organisational focus on achieving short term performance goals at the expense of long term employee development, and low investment in building shared vision and community like schemas (Breukelen, 1996). This barrier is manifested more specifically in the role description and performance assessment criteria of middle managers that are both highly measurable and short term oriented. The leadership role that the middle manager needs to play in aligning individual goals with the organisational goals is often on a back burner (Shibata et al, 1991; Locke, 1976). Another barrier that follows is the potentially low importance given to: internal signals about reputation; managements demonstration of concern for employees vis-à  -vis concern for performance and; willingness of top management to be inclusive of views and opinions of employees. Such signals directly affect employee perception of their position in the organisational scheme of things. In context of the forms of commitment discussed before this can be about: being an integral part of the organisation contributing to something they value; feeling gratitude for what the organisation has offered to them and/or being tied in only for the direct benefits they receive from what is they perceive as their best choice as an employer given the risks of disassociation (Lawson and price, 2003; Johnson and Yang, 2010). It is clear that poorly managed signals can lead to lower levels of commitment or a sub-optimal balance between favourable and less favourable forms of commitment. Still another difficulty relates to the right kind of employees and the right kind of mix of employees that is created overtime. Lack strategic thinking on recruitment policies to align with the requirements of the organisation as a social milieu and as an economic entity may also create a mismatch betwee n the organisation and its employees (Allen and Seinko, 1997). The organisational appeal to the employees for contribution and performance is usually leveraged on explicit or implied tangible outcomes for the employee. This is a barrier in itself as it leads to sub-optimal performance outcomes. Psychological attachment led on the job performance by employees improves overall organisational performance. This is because the employee feels to have shared the outcome in a more socio-cognitive manner by having a feeling of belongingness (Bennett, 2000; William and Hazer, 1986). This right kind of commitment is also compromised by a legacy of rewards to tangible outcomes and target achievement vis-à  -vis say good citizenship behaviour (Wright, 2001). Barriers to or difficulties in employee commitment are also contextual, and have been of particular interest in extant research with reference to management of change (Strebel, 1996)*). In the case of the turnaround undertaken a t Lufthansa in early 1990s research has identified the emphasis on communication and capacitated middle managerial roles as crucial to sustaining and garnering employee commitment during the turnaround. A similar emphasis on employee commitment was seen at Saatchi and Saatchi for regaining a focus on its creative businesses portfolio albeit with a drive on aspects to do with the right signalling mechanisms to create greater trust (Mintzberg et al., 1990) getting it had been seen at Saatchi and Saatchi but with an emphasis (Mintzberg et al, 2003)change. The difficulties identified in light of the above instances, because of which the relevant drivers of commitment were focussed upon, fall under what are identified as generic barriers to employee commitment in times of change. These are ‘disruptions to relationship; threat of statuses; the desire to retain status-quo and; ‘tangible benefits related adverse consequences (Bennett, 2000:127,128). Different forms of c ommitment are affected differently in times of change, and overall commitment and its impact on change itself is a function of existing levels and combination of the different forms. The nature of business and industry culture also influence such an impact. However, there is some consensus in research that the initial levels of commitment, if not overtly led by the form of ‘continuance commitment, tend to contribute affirmatively to change (Zell, 2001:78; Caldwell, 1990). Conclusions It has been clearly established that the different forms of commitment demand a balancing act by managers so that a right mix is arrived at. While ‘continuance commitment is one form that is not seen in very positively light- it is also a lever to be engaged when an organisation wants quick and organisation-wide uptake and sanction for initiatives. That affective and normative commitment should lead the mix is irrefutable. However, initial dispositions of the employees, the legacy of organisational human resource strategy, and the social and culture milieu influence and pre-ordain a lot of what can be done to influence such a mix (Caldwell, 1990). Garnering employee commitment is a process that requires time and conscious effort, and because it is not (usually) subjected to measurement, managerial roles and tasks oriented towards it suffer because of the â€Å"objectivity of performance parameters† that are set for managers (Allen and Meyer, 1990: 4). Advanc es in measurement of employee commitment, and in predictive models that provide a cause effect relationship to inform the highly socio-cognitive arena of employee commitment, have changed this scheme of things. A better interface with the field of motivation, task mandates (foci), and understanding of the bases behind forms has also matured in research. This has bridged the gap between theory and practice. Middle managers are becoming very central to employee commitment related initiatives. The ever important top management sanction for investment in time and resources towards employee commitment is also at an all-time high. This is particularly because of the present recessionary times where the pressures of change and adaptation have amplified the difficulties in and importance of harnessing and sustaining employee commitment. References Allen, N.J. Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 1-8. Allen, P. Seinko, S. (1997). A comparison of contingent and core workers perceptions of their jobs characteristics and motivational properties. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, Summer 1997, 62 (3): 4-12 Bennett, H. (2000). The effects of organizational change on employee psychological attachment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15: 126-148. Breukelen, J.W.M. Van (1996). Organizational commitment in perspective. Gedrag en Organisatie, 9:145-166. Caldwell, D.F., Chatman, J.A. OReilly, C.A. (1990). Building organizational commitment: A multi-firm study. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 245-261. Johnson, R.E. Yang, Liu-Yang (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The relevance of employee identity and regulatory focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226-245. Kre isman, B. (2002). Insights into Employee Retention, Commitment and Motivation [Online] Available at: https://www.insightsvancouver.com/PDFs/Employee%20Commitment-Retention%20White%20Paper%5B1%5D.pdf [Accessed 31 October 2010]. Lawson, E. Price, C. (2003). The Psychology of change management. McKinsey Quarterly, 2: 30-36. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M, D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1297-1349 Meyer, J.P. Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in work-place: Towards a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11:299-326. Meyer, J., Becker, T. Vandenberghe, C.(2004). Employees Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6): 991-1007 Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B. Lampel, J. (1998) Strategy Safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management, The Free Press, New York, 1998, 234-321. Mo rris, M., Lydka, H. OCreevy, M.F. (1993). Can commitment be managed? A longitudinal analysis of employee commitment and human resource policies. Human Resource Management Journal, 3 (3): 21-29. Shibata, G. TSE. D., Vertinsky, I. Wehrung, D. (1991) Do norms of decision-making styles, organisational design and management affect performance of Japanese firms? An exploratory study of medium and large firms. Managerial and Decision Economics, 12(2): 135-146. Strebel, P. (1996). Why do employees resist change? Harvard Business Review, 74: 86-88. Sugarman, B. (2001). A learning-based approach to organizational change: Some results and guidelines. Organizational Dynamics, 30: 62-77. Vandenberg, R. J. Scarpello, V. (1994). A longitudinal assessment of the determinant relationship between employee commitments to the occupation and the organization. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15: 535-547. Vanderberghe, C., Bentein, K., Michan, R., Checat, J., Tremblay, M. Fils, J. (2007). An examination of the perceived support and employee commitment in an employee-customer encounters. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1177-1187. Williams, L. J. Hazer, J. T. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A re-analysis using latent variable structural equations models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 219-231. Wright, B. (2001). Public-Sector Work Motivation: A Review of the Current Literature and a Revised Conceptual Model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11 :(4). Zell, D. (2001). Overcoming barriers to work innovations: lessons learned at Hewlett-Packard. Organizational Dynamics, 30: 77-87.

E Commerce Business Activity That Occurs Online

E-commerce Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, refers to economic activity that occurs online. E-commerce includes all types of business activity, such as retail shopping, banking, investing and rentals. Even small businesses that provide personal services, such as hair and nail salons, can benefit from e-commerce by providing a website for the sale of related health and beauty products that normally are available only to their local customers. To operate as an e-commerce company you need certain hardware, I will explain this. 3 click businesses Ebay Amazon Gumtree 3 brick businesses McDonalds Subway McColls Hardware software of e-commerce Web servers: Web servers are compute systems that program and dispenses web pages as they are requested (they have an IP address). A web server is basically what a program or website is ran off of and depending on how good the servers are depends on how fast the programs are. The main use of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients. Another thing it is used for would include the configuration log file settings, including where the log files are saved, what data to include on the log files and other log file settings. As well as the ability to configure website security. An example of this would be user accounts that are or aren t allowed to view the website which also means the IP addresses that are or aren t allowed to view the website as well. Also creating an FTP site; an FTP site allows users toShow MoreRelatedE Commerce : A New Model1460 Words   |  6 Pagesjust as society progresses, so must businesses adapt a new model: e-commerce. E-commerce has been around si nce the advent of the Internet, and many consumers acknowledge the convenience e-commerce provides. E-commerce is a great model for not only current Internet shopping, but also the future economy where most items will be purchased online. However, complications such as phishing, hacking, and piracy are a growing problem to e-commerce. While solutions have been implemented to supposedly fix the issuesRead MoreBusinesses and The Internet1357 Words   |  6 PagesInternet to expand their business globally. This migration has come with many sacrifices, lessons learned, and challenges along the way. However, the businesses that demonstrated determination and a willingness to overcome the challenges that they were faced with, have ultimately succeeded in expanding their clientele. One example of the type of company that can be found online is an electronic retailer, or a cybermall type of a site. Electronic retailing, also known as e-tailing, is the directRead MoreE Business Model : The Marketing Model885 Words   |  4 Pages E-Business Model The e-business model is like a traditional business model, it describes how a company functions, how it sells products and services, how to capture new markets and technologies, and how to generate revenue. The basic difference between the two models is that an e-business is conducted over the internet and also known as electronic business. Like any other business, e-business activities also take place between the two parties mainly for the sale and purchase of products and servicesRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On Global Economy1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Impact of E-Commerce on Global Economy It is exciting area especially E-Commerce. The advancement in World Wide Web, computers and mobile wireless communication technologies are transforming the way business is conducted. The success stories of Amazon, eBay are few examples. New technologies have provided the required platform for innovation, growth, shopping convenience, and price advantage due to the boundary less competition. Business leaders across the industry are developingRead MoreEssay about The ECommerce Environment of Singapore1496 Words   |  6 PagesSingapore is generally comprised of lowland areas with a central plateau in the middle of the island. Its elevation ranges from the Bukit Timah, (166 m.), to the Singapore Strait which is at sea level. Its climate is tropical and wet. Precipitation occurs on 40% of all days, (70% of days in April). Singapores two biggest natural recourses are its fishing industry, and its deep water ports. Singapore is also a focal point for most Southeast Asian sea routes. History Singapore was originallyRead MoreE-business: Easy Learning Outcome1588 Words   |  7 PagesChap14: E-Business Multiple Choice 1. What is the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet? A. E-business B. E-commerce C. E-market D. E-mall Ans: B Level: Easy Learning Outcome: 14.1 Response: This is the definition of e-commerce. 2. What is the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners? A. E-business B. E-commerce C. E-market D. E-mall Ans: A Level: Easy Read MoreAlibaba s Dominant Business Model Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesAlibaba’s dominant business model is an exchange. Piccoli, in his textbook, defines exchanges as â€Å"Exchanges are organizations that create a marketplace for buyers and sellers to come together and transact. Thus, an exchange does not take control of inventory or worry about fulfillment. Rather the exchange provides a â€Å"market making† service and is compensated with fees, commission on sales, or consulting fees on more complex business-to-business transactions. The prototypical example of an exchangeRead MoreInternal Analysis : The Boston Group Matrix1560 Words   |  7 Pagescompany is capable of. There are many tools that play a part of the internal analysis but the three main tools used in an internal analysis are the Boston Consulting Group Matrix, the Value Chain Analysis which includes primary activities and support activities inside the business. Another big part o f the internal analysis is the Financial Ratio Analysis which is used to evaluate various aspects of a company’s operating and financial performance such as its efficiency, liquidity, profitability and solvencyRead MoreEvolution Of Credit Card Fraud Within The Growing E Commerce Industry1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthe growing e-commerce industry. Online Shopping: Risk of Paying More than You Receive I examine the evolution of credit card fraud in regards of the technology or methodology fraudsters used specifically within the e-commerce industry, and discuss various security concerns companies have for establishing online shopping sites. The appearance of credit cards and the growing e-commerce industry in the past decade has provided fraudsters more ways to commit fraud through online activities than everRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of E-Commerce958 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract E-Commerce Ecommerce (or electrical commerce) refers to the shopping for and mercantilism of products and services via electronic channels, primarily the net. On-line retail is unquestionably convenient because of its 24-hour handiness, international reach and usually economical client service. The invention of quicker net property and powerful on-line tools has resulted in a new commerce arena – Ecommerce. Ecommerce offered several blessings to firms and customers however it additionally

Essay on Proven Methods Of Child Discipline - 1465 Words

The world we live in today is a very competitive place. There is a constant competition going on to find jobs and move up the ladder of success. As human beings we are naturally devoted to instilling some kind of success in our children. To ensure that children are successful in life they need to be well disciplined but also socially and morally developed human beings. It is the parent’s duty to keep their children well disciplined along with giving them the opportunity to develop socially and morally. But how is it possible to approach this task correctly? Using proven methods of discipline through reasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectively discipline their children without risking†¦show more content†¦This was in contrast to children whose parents relied primarily on reasoning and discussion in their disciplining. These children were found to be more adept at social skills, better at relating to others and problem solving. Two of the best methods used for modifying your children’s behaviour are through positive and negative reinforcement. Unlike punishment, these two methods are safe and will not lead to aggressive behaviour in your children. The main idea of these methods is to shape your children’s behaviour through the use of consequences. Consequences can be effective tools in motivating human beings to behave. â€Å"A human being fashions his consequences as surely as he fashions his goods or dwellings. Nothing that he says, thinks or does is without consequence† (Norman Cousin). In psychological terms reinforcement can be defined as any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows. Both positive and negative reinforcement can strengthen behaviour where both punishment and extinction will weaken behaviour in your children. Positive reinforcers are something like rewards. However, positive reinforcement can be defined more specifically than just that of a reward. Three different conditions have to be met in order to correctly use positive reinforcement. The conditions are respectively: a consequence presented that is dependant on certain behaviour, the behaviour becomes more likely to occur, the behaviour has become more likely to occur solelyShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles : Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved, And Authoritative982 Words   |  4 Pageseducational and behavioral success and is a stressed trait throughout the world; however, in different cultures, good parenting can be defined and measured in many contrasting ways. In the United States, parenting and discipline methods have become controversial in the past fifty years, and the methods for raising children have drastically changed in some households. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, there are four different parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, and authoritativeRead MorePros and Cons of Spanking996 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory of discipline has been debated for decades. Arguments over how it should be carried out and how harsh it should be has been discussed. One aspect of discipline has been shoved into the dark, the effect on the child. No matter how much it is spoken of children remember what happened to them in their childhood. Whether they were pleasant or not can lead to problems later in life. One debate that shall soon be settled deals with the spanking of children. Some will agree that there is nothingRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1617 Words   |  7 Pages Discipline Styles Parenting styles in the onset of any child’s life is a huge determinate of what their future will turn out to be. Parenting styles are the normative prototypes that parents utilize to socialize and manage their children. Different parents employ different styles of discipline to ensure that their children develop to be all-rounded adults. Children who have been nurtured well by their parents turn up as self-regulated with disciplined behavior. Child discipline is thus a key parentingRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreSmacking Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagessmacking their child should be illegal. Smacking children, in our modern society, is nothing but an ineffective form of discipline. It is actually a violation of the human rights of the child. Furthermore it has potential to cause intellectual and physiological harm towards the child. My first argument towards making smacking illegal is the fact that smacking is simply not an effective form of punishment. Many parents see smacking as the only method to convey there message and discipline. But the realityRead MorePositive Effects Of Corporal Punishment1174 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediate compliance, prevention of future misbehavior, and moral internalization. Corporal punishment is often seen as ineffective and as having negative results in children’s development including developing of aggressive behaviors, harming parent-child relationships, and damaging mental health. 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Introduction I.Attention Grabber: â€Å"Corporal punishment is the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior.† (Cope, Kristin, C. â€Å"The Age of Discipline: The Relevance of Age to the Reasonableness of Corporal Punishment† Law Contemporary ProblemsRead MoreForms of Discipline: Punishment is too Aggressive805 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent studies, researchers have found that ninety percent of parents spank their children; yet, seventy-three percent of mothers report that their child will continue to repeat their behavior they were disciplined for (Ogilvie). Based of this information, the effectiveness of this form of discipline seems to be incredibly low. Now consider another fact: how harmful is this to children physically and mentally? Would this affect them as they grow up and even continue to affect them into their adulthoodRead MoreTeaching Preschools Conflict Management Skills1073 Words   |  5 PagesAs seen in past chapters with other terms, the author advocates that educators replace the notion of discipline with guidance. Historically, European-American classrooms have incorrectly equated the term discipline with punishment. In order to teach social-emotional skills to children, educators need to distance themselves from punishment that are disguised as disciplinary practices. A more appropriate approach to use with children is called guidance, and an important strategy in this approachRead MoreCultural Norms About Parenting Practices984 Words   |  4 Pagesto determine what is considered good parenting. Cultural norms about parenting practices and values typically stem from a person’s country of origin and how they were raised. In general, a common theme that emerges across cultures is a desire for a child to be obedient, respectful, polite, honest, and successful especially in school. In the stories Two Kinds by Amy Tan and Who’s Irish by Gish Jen the concept of a good parent in an Asian orientated culture is highlighted. In addition, both stories illustrate

Causes and Effects of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970

In 1970 the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was put into place by the Congress of the United States Government. This Act, Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, is the federal U.S. drug policy which regulates the possession, use, manufacturing and importation of certain controlled substances. The substances controlled under this act fall under various classifications. These classifications are known as schedules. The legislation created 5 schedules with different qualifications for a substance to be included in each. Schedule I includes some of the drugs that are viewed as seriously threatening while schedule V includes drugs that are viewed as not as threatening. A Schedule I drug must fall under one of†¦show more content†¦Later, in the early to mid 1900s, cocaine would be linked to blacks and marijuana would be linked to Mexicans. Many people believe that many of the drug laws put into place were done so because of racism. When the Uni ted States banned opium importation, many other nations began to have concerns about the growing drug abuse problem throughout the world, specifically the abuse of opium in many of the nations of Asia. This concern led to meetings of several nations whose mission was to restrict narcotics to medical use [2]. During the 1920s many mexican immigrants fled to the United States for work. With them, many of them brought marijuana. The act of smoking marijuana was picked up on by many black and white jazz musicians during the 1920s and 1930s, but was not used widespread until the 1960s. During the 1930s, Louis Artmstrong was arrested in California and given a sentence of six months for possession of Marijuana [3]. In 1937, the Treasury Department established a marijuana transfer tax known as the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, after testifying before Congress. After 1937 up until the passing of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act of 1970, which include the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, marijuana was legally controlled through a transfer tax. [2] During the 40s and 50s, drug use was seen as a symbol of counterculture. Jack Kerouac and other important figures of the Beat Generation allShow MoreRelated`` Reefer Madness `` : An Act Of Young People From Using Cannabis, The Government Released The Film1386 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Reefer Madness† As an act to discourage young people from using cannabis, the government released the film Reefer Madness. The 1936 propaganda film revolves around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by â€Å"pushers† to try marijuana. The film was very successful and by 1937, 46 states had laws outlawing marijuana use. The movie shows events from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, hallucinations, and descent into madness due to marijuanaRead MoreDrug Abuse and the FDA Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagestemporary escape from life’s realities. Even though, they cause different, more serious problems with only a short escape from life’s agonies. There are five different classifications (schedules) of drugs in the Controlled Substance Act of 1970. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) choose what substance falls into what classification. The placement of a drug on the Controlled Substances List is based on three categories: (1) potential abuse, (2)Read MoreEffects Of Prescription Drugs On The Brain1529 Words   |  7 Pagesand acetaminophen it is in a class of drugs called narcotic analgesics a schedule II drug. It is used to relieve pain. It is important to study drugs in our society because of scientific developments, we now know more about how prescription drugs effect on the brain. Furthermore we know that drug addiction can be effectively treated to aid people stop misusing drugs and lead happy lives. Vicodin was produced in the 1920’s by German pharmaceutical company. Vicodin was created by attaching a hydrogenRead MoreHistory of Drug Laws and Law Enforcement1637 Words   |  7 PagesStates have enacted laws and policies to deter the use and distribution of illegal drugs. These laws and policies have not only deemed what drugs are legal and illegal, but have also established penalties for the possession and distribution of these substances and established federal agencies to control drug use and administer drug law enforcement. This essay will not only examine the landmark drug laws and policies established by the federal and state governments, but also the enforcement of drug lawsRead MoreMarijuana Mysteries : 5 Things We Still Don t Know About Marijuana1121 Words   |  5 Pagesappear on the ballot come November. Yet, despite being historically popular – the most widely used recreational drug in the world behind alcohol and tobacco – we don’t know much about this notorious plant. Marijuana remains a mysterious substance whose effects – both risky and beneficial – are widely debated. So what do we know about marijuana, and what are we yet to find out? The history of hemp The cannabis plant was used as far back as 12,000 years ago, with medicinal use first documented inRead MoreMarijuana: the Good Part1506 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. No one has ever died from an overdose, and it has a wide variety of therapeutic applications: Relief from nausea and increase of appetite; Reduction of eye pressure; Reduction of muscle spasms; Relief from mild to moderate chronic pain. Marijuana is frequently beneficial in the treatment of the following conditions: AIDS. Marijuana can reduce the nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite caused byRead MoreMarijuana Is The Most Dangerous For Human Health1251 Words   |  6 PagesSativa or hemp plant. The hemp plant’s dried leaves are greenish gray in color and when smoked or ingested, marijuana has psychoactive effects in humans. These psychoactive effects include: relaxation, heightened senses, laughter, altered perception of time, and increased appetite (What Are Marijuana Effects?). The main chemical in Marijuana that causes these effects is delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, but there are about one hundred other chemicals in the hemp plant that are related to THC calledRead MoreEssay about Medical Marijuana1525 Words   |  7 Pages1937. Today, only eight Americans are legally allowed to use marijuana as medicine. NORML is working to restore marijuanas availability as medicine. Medicinal Value Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. No one has ever died from an overdose. It is also extremely versatile. Four of its general therapeutic applications include: relief from nausea and increase of appetite; reduction of intraocular (within the eye) pressure; reductionRead MoreThe Dangers of Smoking1037 Words   |  4 Pagesaddictive, which makes quitting challenging. When and if they finally quit, the consequences to their health have already taken its toll. Tobacco is a dangerous and addictive substance that has no legitimate medical use. Tobacco should be illegal and should have been covered under The Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Nicotine is the primary component in tobacco, and the major chemical that affects the brain. Heather Lehr Wagner states in her book Nicotine: â€Å"Nicotine is a stimulant, and justRead MoreAmerica s Elder Population Is Living Longer936 Words   |  4 Pagesdementia, however efforts are being made to alleviate aggression, depression and sleep disturbances associated with the disease. Current treatment options for the symptoms of dementia often leave those affected with serious side effects. In an effort to reduce the side effect of antipsychotic and anxiolytics medications, families are beginning to look at other controversial treatment options. One such treatment being researched is the use of medical marijuana. Its estimated that approximately one

The Effects Of Celebrities On Mental And Physical Health...

Prompt #4 Negative Effects of Celebrities on Mental and Physical Health of Our Youth In my opinion the only thing that people spend more time doing than watching TV shows or movies is sleeping. When you turn on the TV or go to the movies, you see TV and movie stars, but you may not always be thinking about the impacting effects that celebrities have on your personal health. The message to viewers so consistently seen in the various forms of media conveys that celebrities are above the law and should be imitated and as much as possible is harmful to our youth and the public in general. The message comes across not only in movies and TV shows but also in TV commercials, ads in your favorite magazines, radio shows and every other way that celebrities use their names as brands to promote products. Now, more than in the past, celebrities are enormously influential in the lives of people who view them. From the casts of our favorite current television shows to mainstream, celebrities are all over the world in the media and used to sell and endorse almost every invention or idea out there. While there are many positive role models among today’s celebrities, there are also many out there who provide a bad influence on young minds. Schor stated that â€Å"the prevalence of harmful and addictive products, the imperative to keep up, and the growth of materialist attitudes are harming kids. (384). People who try to follow in the footsteps of these celebrities they witness in the media mayShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Allows People To Share Pictures And Ideas1057 Words   |  5 Pagesused scholarly articles all relating to how social media affects body image to decide what my view point was. After research, we can conclude that social media has a negative effect on a woman’s body image. The media consumption can lead to dissatisfaction and even have a correlation with eating disorders. â€Å"Social Media effects on Young Women’s Body Image Concerns: Theoretical Perspectives and an Agenda for Research† by Richard M Perioff. This article focuses on the correlation between media and bodyRead MoreMy Worst Year By Ellen Degeneres1618 Words   |  7 Pagesused to have a celebrity joke contest, but it quickly turned into an insult contest. In the beginning the jokes were those cheesy ones about Bruce Lee and Chuck Norris, like â€Å"What does Bruce Lee drink when he is thirsty? He drinks WATAAAA.†, then the jokes became about other Celebrities, for example, â€Å"This just in. The government shutdown has lasted longer than any of Taylor Swift s relationships.†, Afterwards the jokes became about Celebrities that did horrible things. One of our favorite comediansRead MoreThe Social Aspect Of A Self Image1746 Words   |  7 Pagesself-portraitur e with â€Å"More then 1 Million Selfie’s taken each day†. The global popularity of this ritual of social networking has even had a song dedicated to this trend, symbolising of an era of youth culture. The ‘bandwagon’ mentality fashioned from this phenomenon of a popular trend, in effect attracts greater popularity as a result of people doing something, not based on its merit, but based on what others do. The concept of a self-image is not a new idea as the involvement of self-portraitsRead MoreMedia and Its Effects on Society1437 Words   |  6 Pagesits Effects on Society Media plays a crucial role in our life nowadays. It serves as a bridge that connects people to the world, leading to a global exchange of information and knowledge. Media also offers platform for people to voice their thoughts on political and social issues, providing room for different perspectives. Unquestionably, media affects our life in nearly every ways. With a turn of a magazine page, a tune on a radio, or a flip of a TV channel, media somewhat plays a part in our lifeRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Standard Of Beauty1529 Words   |  7 Pagesof everything she hates about her body, â€Å"I wish my stomach was flatter, my chest was bigger, my thighs were skinnier, my arms were more toned, and my waist was smaller.† She looks into the mirror, comparing her body to the bodies of her friends, celebrities and the images she sees in magazines. Alyssa does not look like all those girls and this makes her feel gross, insecure and out of place. Beauty standards are so high the y create negative body images and women who hate the way they look. Women lookRead MoreEng 1011630 Words   |  7 Pagesleave a negative impression on young children. Violence in music videos can cause health problem. Music videos that promote negative lyrics are affecting young children. Music lyrics with vulgar languages affect the development and well-being of young children. For example, the study author (Stone, 2009) found â€Å"that music with explicit references to drugs, sex or violence can be associated with negative effects on school work behavior and emotions† (p. 2). Media violence not only provokes violenceRead MoreEssay on Overview of ADHD1063 Words   |  5 PagesAttention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, is the most common psychiatric condition effecting 9.5% of school-aged children in the United States (intuniv, 2013). If the disorder goes untreated, it will cause more long-term side effects and difficulties for the individu al as an adult. Adults who have this condition face several adversities in every day life, such as impulsive behavior, low self-esteem and poor work performance. People are not aware of the complications that comeRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1421 Words   |  6 Pagesif not used in the right way has negative effects especially on today s youth, for example teens and children can be exposed to online predators or become victims of cyberbullying. This is why It is important to bring light to both sides of this topic because it is a huge part of our society today, Also because Social Media has only just boomed in this generation we are slowly starting to acknowledge and learn more about the impacts it can have on our lives. Most of the time when we think of SocialRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Child Development1510 Words   |  7 PagesViolence has progressively increased in the past decades, at an alarming rate in the United States. The top three leading causes between adolescent and youths are unintentional injury (accidents), homicide and suicide according to the World Health Organization. Media and entertainment play a huge part in child development, as technology has seemed to overpower today’s generation. Nearly, forty percent of the human populations have access to an Internet connection at home via any device type and connectionRead MoreThe Adverse Effects Of Advertising On Children1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adverse Effects of Advertising on Children By: David Tran Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara 6/4/2015 Abstract Advertisers have been targeting children to market their products to for years now. The purpose of this report is to expose the advertisers and large corporations’ adverse effects on children all for the sake of making an extra buck. The targeting of children by advertisers has left us with a â€Å"obesity epidemic† which

Causes Effects of Academic Cheating Free Essays

Dusan Micovic EN105 Prof. Rutt 13/10/2012 The Causes and Effects of Academic Cheating Cheating has been an issue for years in academic settings, whether in the primary grades, high school or college. However, definition of cheating remains unclear. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes Effects of Academic Cheating or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is so widespread and it overlaps with so many academic activities that it does not have a specific, clear, uniform policy on what constitutes academic dishonesty. Parental pressure can also lead to cheating. According to Professor Daniel J. Bauer, parents sometimes coerce their children into attending college by relating horror stories to them about people who never attended college. Parents will tell their teenagers that they will never succeed in life without a college education. These well-meaning parents may even expect nothing but A’s on their child’s transcript. This parental notion overlooks the possibility that a vocational program may indeed be a better fit for a student. It also increases the pressure these individuals feel to succeed, whether in high school or college, or risk losing the love of their parents. Failing a test, for example, is not an option, so they feel they must pass at any cost, even if it means cheating. In a survey by Rutgers University, students felt that cheating is a necessary method to ensure success through high school, college and later in life. Education News has conducted a survey and found that students who are poorly prepared are more likely to cheat than those who studied or completed assignments. Poor preparation is usually a result of laziness, which is indeed one of the biggest obstacles towards academic success. Seeing as overcoming laziness and developing effective study habits might be long and tough road, students prefer taking a shortcut. According to Orment, attitude of the teacher or professor is another possible factor that could drive students to cheating. If the mentor is not prone to offering help outside of class, or is too harsh on grading, this could lead students to cheat. Another practice that can lead to cheating, that researchers mentioned, was weighting a final examination so heavily that failing the test automatically fails a student. The ultimate goal of education is to teach students some crucial concepts and techniques. However, many students don’t have those academic foundations because of the excessive cheating. When cheating is successfully repeated, it easily becomes a habit. Their creativity and sense of responsibility will drop over time, and dependency of cheating will grow. They will leave the education system, with a belief that things in life will always come easy, handed to them on a silver platter. Soon after they step into the work environment they will notice that they were wrong. Accumulated lack of knowledge and skill will make them realize that they are simply not ready. Although cheating can be just a harmless tool of support for years in school and college, it could also produce some serious consequences in the long run, due to its overuse and abuse. How to cite Causes Effects of Academic Cheating, Essay examples

Introduction to Cyber bullying-Free-Samples Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Write an Essay on Cyber Bullying-Is A Myth. Answer: Background Cyber bullying is a type of a bullying that occurs over electronic and digital devices such as emails, messages, internet and social networking sites. Cyber bullying can also involve sharing obscene messages, pictures or negative thoughts to someone via electronic devices. Bullying has long been a concern among the children and the adolescents (Ovejero et al., 2016). Currently cyber bullying has occupied the headlines of the news and had been considered as a major challenge for the adolescents. Many studies have revealed that cyber bullied has been hyped or fueled by the headlines of the media and unsubstantiated declarations of the public. Some of the common myths associated with cyber bullying are - Cyber bullying causes suicides, Cyber bullying is occurring at an epidemic level, cyber bullies are just associated to kids and finally cyber bullying can be controlled by just switching off the digital device (Holfeld, 2014). This paper aims to provide with arguments regarding the validity of the trend Cyber bullying is a myth. It will also discuss about its effect on the children and will conclude with a set of recommendations. Effect of this trend on children The issue that cyber bullying is a myth has developed a concept among the parents that their children or their family members can never be the victim of cyber bullying. Due to this myth, some parents fail to recognize the reasons behind the depression of their children. It should be noted that cyber bullying can lead to depression and anxiety among children. Reports prove that cyber bullying have psychological effects on children. Due to cyber bullying a child might feel worthless and vulnerable (Litwiller Brausch, 2013). Cyber bullying can expose personal thing and can create humiliation among the children. Targets of cyberbullying often begin to doubt their value and worth. According to various reports, the girls are the most affected victims of cyber bullying. A kid may be tormented and disturbed constantly by the peers through messages and internets. Blackmailing through internet and the social networking sites are the most common. All these can destroy the contentment and happi ness in children and can affect the physical and the mental well being of kids. In support of the trend According to Sabella et al., (2013), there is lot of myths surrounding cyber bullying. One of the myths is that Cyber bullying only negatively affects the target. The second myth of cyber bullying is that only the teens, kids and women are the victims of cyber bullying. According to a data by the Data and society Research institute, about 40% of adults have been the victim of cyber bulling (Sabella et al., 2013). Several data shows that men and women equally have been victimized by the bullying. Many people are of the belief that mere switching off the device would resolve all the problems. But that is incorrect. In this progressive world, one cannot just fold hands and keep himself away from technologies. Another thing that should be noted is that face to face bullying has been found to have more psychosocial impact on kids and teens. Against the trend The trend cyber bullying is a myth can be refuted by several findings. According to Englander, (2012), nearly 43% of the kids are bullied online. Mishna et al., (2012), have said that 70% of the students have reported to be the victim of cyber bullying. About 805 of the teens across the world use cell phones, which is the most vulnerable medium of cyber bullying. According to Slonje et al., (2013) cyber bullying can affect a person in two ways. It can make feel overwhelmed and can also bring them down out of acute embarrassment. Many children are unable to confess about cyber bullying as they are of the conception that they will be judged. According to (Litwiller Brausch, 2013), several cases of self destruction have been reported due to cyber bullying. Personal perception I have brainstormed through several websites and literatures which compels me to go against the trend. There are several cases that suggest that cyber bullying is associated with blackmailing, suicides, sharing personal and abusive pictures, messages or negative thoughts (Slonje et al., 2013). I have often heard that cyber bullying has led to social withdrawal, change in appearance and weight loss, suicide, poor performance and academics or professional life. Recommendations It is necessary for the parents to keep a close watch on the kids if anything suspicious is noticed (Englander, 2012). The kids should be encouraged to discuss all the problems with their parents, teachers, siblings and peers such that they do not feel isolated. Social media abuse can be stopped by reporting it to the authorities. Creating a conducing environment for the children (Englander, 2012). To teach the kids about both the positive and the negative effects of technologies. If the child is severely affected, it is advisable to consult a counselor or a doctor. Steps taken to against cyber bullying In order to spread awareness regarding the issue there are social media. There are devices that can easily track the wrong -doers. There are several professional organizations that can provide legal support to the victims of cyber bullying. GET cyber safe is a national public awareness campaign set by the government of Canada. There are several helpline numbers that can be contacted for seeking help. In spite of all the measures, many kids are falling prey to cyber bullying which gives an indication that the cyber law and the penalties should be made more stringent (Slonje et al., 2013). References Englander, E. K. (2012). Spinning our wheels: Improving our ability to respond to bullying and cyberbullying.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics,21(1), 43-55. Holfeld, B. (2014). Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyber bullying.Computers in Human Behavior,38, 1-7. Litwiller, B. J., Brausch, A. M. (2013). Cyber bullying and physical bullying in adolescent suicide: the role of violent behavior and substance use.Journal of youth and adolescence,42(5), 675-684. Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J. (2012). Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bullyvictims.Children and Youth Services Review,34(1), 63-70. Ovejero, A., Yubero, S., Larraaga, E., Moral, M. D. L. V. (2016). Cyberbullying: Definitions and facts from a psychosocial perspective. InCyberbullying Across the Globe(pp. 1-31). Springer International Publishing. Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities.Computers in Human behavior,29(6), 2703-2711. Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., FrisN, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention.Computers in human behavior,29(1), 26-32.

World Religion Islamic Religion and Women

Question: Discuss about the World Religionfor Islamic Religion and Women. Answer: Introduction The women in the contemporary world can be viewed in a different dimension from the way they were perceived to be in the past. In fact, there are some religions and traditions which have placed the women under the rule of the man. For instance in the Islamic religion, women are viewed as being unclean. In this case, the women cannot hold leadership roles nor attend the same places of worship. In Roman Catholic Church and Hinduism, the women have been respected and hold positions as women priests. In the past, the women were not allowed even to attend any form of education (Hunt Jung, 2014). In the secular world, the women are fighting for equality and enjoy most benefits like education and leadership just as the men do. There are various movements which have arisen in order to strengthen and fight for the rights of women. Just as the Islamic religion did not value the position of women, so is it with the secular world among the Islamic communities (Crawford, 2014). There are still w omen who have no say in the homes, and wait for men to make all decisions. In the, Catholic Church, as the women were believed to play a role in salvation during the time of Jesus, so are they given priest roles in the contemporary secular world. Most of the movements which lobby for the women rights are said to begin through religious centers. This indicates that the religion is still an agent for the liberalization of the rights of women in the secular world. References Crawford, P. (2014). Women and Religion in England: 1500-1720. Routledge. Hunt, M. E., Jung, P. B. (2014). Women, Sex, and Religion. In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion (pp. 1932-1935). Springer US.

70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples To Blow Your Readers Away

70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples To Blow Your Readers Away 70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples Guaranteed to Blow Your Mind Away As R.L. Stine once said, â€Å"Every story ever told can be broken down into three parts. The beginning. The middle. And the plot twist.†The legendary plot twist is a staple in almost every genre and medium of storytelling - one that’s fun to read but hard to write. To help you become a veritable Chubby Checker, here's a definitive resource that's all about the art of the twist.What is a plot twist?A plot twist is a story development that readers do not expect in which either something shocking happens or something shocking is revealed. Generally, the storyteller will set up expectations and then "twist" those expectations by revealing new information through subsequent plot points.The criteria for a plot twist tends to be made up of the following:It must be narratively sound,It must be unexpected, andIt might be foreshadowed.To no-one’s surprise, plot twists are particularly prevalent in mysteries, thrillers, and suspense fiction. However, the twist takes no pr isoners and has reared its head in almost every genre out there, which brings us to†¦Want to read some of the best, most twisted thrillers and suspense books out there? Check out these 50 best suspense books of all time, or our list of  23 psychological thrillers that will make your head spin.50+ plot twist ideas in pop cultureIf you seek inspiration for crafting your own twists, there’s no better place to start than with some of the most popular unexpected plot-turns in film and literature. But be warned: there be spoilers ahead. With that in mind, here are over 50 examples of plot twists in film and literature. Just in: SEVENTY plot twist ideas to fuel your story! I Am Your FatherMum’s the word when it comes to family secrets, right? Not so fast. This is the plot twist that concerns a revelation about the key character’s family. It could be that there is a surprising reveal regarding parentage - or perhaps it’s uncovered that the protagonist was an orphan all along.Made legendary by Star Wars, this type of plot twist is nevertheless widespread in all genres and mediums, as there’s no drama quite like family drama. As George Carlin once said: â€Å"The other night I ate at a real nice family restaurant. Every table had an argument going.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back. In a pivotal battle, Luke discovers that Darth Vader, his ultimate nemesis, is actually his father.Angels Demons. Robert Langdon is shocked by the revelation that the late pope’s aide is actually His Holyness’s’s son - conceived through artificial insemination.Shutter Island. During an investigation of a disap pearance from a remote asylum, U.S. Marshal Edward â€Å"Teddy† Daniels realizes that he himself is the missing patient - and the husband and murderer of the woman that he had been trying to locate.More plot twist examples of this flavor:The Man From Earth. Right before he dies from a heart attack, Will learns that the unaging Professor John Oldman is actually his father.Oldboy.   Mysteriously imprisoned for 15 years, Oh Dae-su falls in love with a young restaurant chef who is later revealed to be his daughter.The Kite Runner. Amir has mixed feelings when he discovers that his closest childhood friend, Hassan, is his half-brother.The Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is befuddled to discover that the Wizard of Oz is a middle-aged man using a microphone.The Prestige. Robert Angier, a rival stage magician, doesn’t realize that â€Å"Alfred Borden† is actually a double act of twin brothers until it’s too late.Gossip Girl. The end of the series pans to a shot of Dan H umphrey, revealing that he was Gossip Girl all along.Did we say that there were only 55 examples in this list? Well, how about THIS twist: here are 15 more!10+ plot twist ideas for youNow that you have an idea of what plot twists look like, you might find it easier to write your own. But in case you’re still struggling to come up with a twist, here are some hypothetical scenarios to jumpstart your thinking.56. CHARACTER A is persuaded by CHARACTER B that it is all a dream - when it’s actually not.57. A gift from CHARACTER B to CHARACTER A is really a trap.58. It is revealed that the NARRATOR is Death.59. An ARCHAEOLOGIST at a dig comes across his own skeleton.60. CHARACTER A discovers the real identity of CHARACTER B through an old yearbook.61. It is revealed that all the sounds that CHARACTER A has heard throughout his life has been inside his own head.62. CHARACTER A believes he is in Hell. It’s actually Earth.63. It is revealed that CHARACTER A and CHARACTER B are not themselves because they were body-swapped.64. CHARACTER A is informed that the previous events were actually part of an alternate reality simulation.65. It is revealed that SANTA CLAUS is real.66. A promise that CHARACTER A and CHARACTER B made when they were children is not really what they think it to be.67. CHARACTER A is set up with CHARACTER B, a rich politician, and finds herself falling in love with CHARACTER B’S GIRLFRIEND.68. CHARACTER A goes on a series of blind dates without realizing that it is all being filmed for the next experimental season of The Bachelor.69. A key strength of CHARACTER A becomes a key weakness.70. CHARACTER A experiences puzzling and unexplained flashbacks because she is the reincarnation of GEORGE WASHINGTON.Now, over to youA well-written plot twist makes for some of the most exciting, mind-blowing, and dramatic stories in history, which is why it’s so important to get it right. Here’s the second plot twist for this post: it’s now up to you to write your own.And before you go, here’s one more: you don’t have to be alone when writing it. Leave your best (or favorite) plot twists below in the comments, and we’ll reply to every one of them!Are you writing your own plot twists? How is it going? If you'd like to share your experiences or bounce ideas off of us, just comment below.

Electronic Components Assembly essays

Electronic Components Assembly essays Mr. Jim Harris, plant director of Electronic Components Assemblies (ECA), commissioned this investigation and report on the 22 August 2001. Mr. Harris is concerned about the potential impact of new technology and its effects on production systems. He has commissioned Management Consultants International to review and make recommendations concerning the existing ECA policy. 1. review strategic options for the business in terms of h procedures and systems for material planning and control h production management systems and h human resource management policies, personnel and payment systems 2. report on implications on proposed changes for management, staff, customers and suppliers. 3. develop an implementation plan based on recommendations. 4. draw conclusions and make recommendations. 5. submit report by 26 September 2001 This report describes the result of an in depth analysis of the current policies that ECA employs. ECA currently manufactures electronic deflection units for computer monitors for its holding company International Electric (IE) in South Africa. ECA operates as a cost centre within the commercial goods division of IE. The plant was established in 1973 and is based in the Western Cape and operates in parallel with a plant in Botswana. Jim Harris, the plant director has recently observed a decline in the sales of computer monitors at a time when production capacity is expanding. This has resulted in fierce competition and has forced ECA to reconsider its product sourcing policies. The objectives of this report are to identify problems within the existing ECA policy and offers possible solutions. It also identifies the impact of these proposed solutions on ECAÂ ¡s current policy and provides a framework for implementation. This analysis was restricted to the information enclosed in the briefing document. Where applicable, assumptions were made to augment the findings. ...

Are Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter Etc) Sites Effective Means of Literature review

Are Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter Etc) Sites Effective Means of Recruitment - Literature review Example The users of the social networking sites are able to engage in real time communication through text based or cam based or even voice based interaction irrespective of their location. The social networking sites are internet based applications that allow the users to engage into useful communication through the virtual platform that could be accessed with the use of electronic devices like computer terminals, notebooks, mobiles, etc (Zhang, Johnson and Seltzer, 2010, p.81). The social networking have brought about changes in the outlook of the society as they have inclined towards the online mode of communication due to the benefits in terms of time , cost, energy, etc. The young people of the society have shown the greatest interest towards the use of social networking sites (Henderson and Bowley, 2010, p.248). The social networking sites like the Facebook, Twitter, etc. not only form a part of their personal and private lives but also emerged as tools for fulfilling career aspiratio n. The people have started to increase their online presence in order to pursue the career that they desire (Backstrom, Huttenlocher and Kleinberg, 2006, p.42). Needless to say, the social networking sites have proved to be useful in the process of recruitment of the employers and, therefore, increase the chances of users in getting a job. The social networking sites offer the employers a wide range of information on the candidates who could be eligible for the process of recruitment according to the pre-set criteria. The availability of huge number of profiles which are easily accessible to the employers allows them to filter the apposite candidates to be called for the interview and further stages of recruitment. The social networking sites are also useful to the candidates as it provides wide range of information on the companies through the use of online media applications of Facebook, Twitter, etc (Diani, 2000, p.392). The applicants also get the opportunity to interact with th e existing employees who are available on the social networking platforms. The effectiveness of the social networking sites in the process of recruitment, its advantages and disadvantages could be clearly understood with the help of literature review. E-Recruitment The advent of the internet based applications in the form social networking sites have reinvented the ways of communication in which one engages with another and also in the way in which interaction takes place between the individuals and the organizations in the workplace. In order to keep themselves updated with the modern trend, the employers have also been required to embrace the modern communication practices and use the same in the process of recruitment. The growth e-recruitment or the use of virtual platforms in the social networking sites have taken place in order to keep up with the changing trend of communication (Pfeffer, 2008, p.67). Thus the e-recruitment methods have been adopted by the companies in order t o aid the traditional process of

Hybridity and Neo-colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hybridity and Neo-colonialism - Essay Example A lot of symbolism and thematic illustrations has been applied by the author in demonstrating the fact that the white culture is superior to the blacks' culture in this play (Goellner and Jacqueline, 32). The author seeks to use these demonstrations to make a case for his claim of white preference over black culture and ideologies. In the contemporary society today, this claim of white superiority over black people's ideals can be likened to the concept of neo-colonialism. The reason behind this argument is that hybridity comes in after an influence of a white culture on a black person. This is exactly how neo-colonialism follows colonization of the third world countries. The dance in the play is symbolically used by the author to show preference of the white culture over black culture. Willie, a black man, has to struggle hard to learn the dance (from white culture) in order to participate in the competition. In fact at some point he talks so passionately about the dance that catche s the attention of the young Hall (Goellner and Jacqueline, 27). This shows that despite the whites enforcing apartheid rule in South Africa, Willie still believes the ideals of the whites is still superb. Willie talks so passionately about the "art" of dance and the setting in which it will take place that gets the uninterested Hally to buy in to the idea. Despite being an African, Willy still has high regard for white culture which points out the fact that white ideologies can still influence his position on many issues.

The Influence Of Christianity On Culture Religion Essay

The Influence Of Christianity On Culture Religion Essay The novel, Things Fall Apart, was written by Chinua Achebe and was first published in 1958. The book deals with Okonkwo, the main character in the book, and his approach towards Christianity and the new Umofia after his exile. The novel shows us the impact of a western culture on the Igbo society and how the citizens have to adapt to the new changes and beliefs. Achebe, through this story, wants to show the readers that, things, culture and relationships do fall apart as we read it. White men arrived in Africa as traders, missionaries and administrators. In this essay, I will talk about the influence of Christianity on the Igbo culture. Is the Igbo culture civilized or barbaric? Was the arrival of the white missionaries in Things Fall Apart positive or negative? My essay will be divided into four sections, each giving a different influence of Christianity on the Igbo culture. I will discuss the four main influences. Christianity has influenced the Igbo culture in many ways. The main influence is on the religion that tribes follow. The white missionaries bring a different set of beliefs and laws which are incompatible with Igbo traditions and practices. The church which is built by the Christians, contributes to the destruction of the clan. Many Umofians decide to convert to Christianity, as they feel they will get more freedom, comfort and they can be and do what the clan does not agree to. The converts are outcasts, people with no titles and women who had twins. Such people are mistreated in the lgbo society. Christianity is giving such people dignity. The converts have the chance to find their true identity. The missionaries begin to establish themselves through the church. The white mens power increases as they survive the Evil Forest. The missionaries say We have been sent by the Great God to ask you to leave your wicked ways and false gods and turn to Him so that you may be saved when you d ie. The power of the traditional gods is challenged by the survival of the missionary hut in the Evil Forest, in which, the unfortunate people, twins and ogbanje children are thrown. Christianity points fingers to the beliefs of the Igbo culture. For many, Christianity is an answer for all their queries. People think that converting to Christianity means peace and was better than the Igbo religion and its superstitions. Three converts had gone into the village and boasted openly that all the gods were dead and impotent and that they were prepared to defy them by burning all their shrines. This shows that the converts and the missionaries no longer respect the views and beliefs of the Igbo clan. The converts know that they are protected by the white men and the feel that they have a greater god than the lgbos. In Chapter 18, with the episode of the python, the belief of the Igbos in god strengthens and the death of the convert responsible proves that the gods still exist and do justi ce to its people. In a sense, despite the influence of Christianity, some of Igbo people still have firm belief in their gods. The second major influence is on the legal system in the Igbo tribes. It has a major hand in the collapsing of the clan. The new rules also apply to the Igbo tribe members, which has people who do not wish to convert to Christianity. The imposition of an alien legal system confuses the lgbos and adds up to the hatred the Igbos have towards the white men and the converts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ stories were already gaining ground that the white men had not only brought religion, but also a government. It was said that they had built a place of judgment in Umofia to protect the followers of their religion. It was even said that they had hanged one man who killed a missionary. Before the coming of the white men, decisions are made by the heads of the clan, the men with high titles. But now, these men have lost their place and there is the police to pass laws and give final verdicts and punishments. The new legal system proves to be neither just nor deserves praise. While the egwugwu frequently settle land disputes both effectively and fairly, the colonial courts decisions result in conflict and murder. The previously accepted traditions now are punishable offenses. Soon, the prison is full of men who had offended against the white mens law. Some of these prisoners have thrown away their twins, while some have molested Christians. This shows that to a great extent, the Igbo members of the society neither fear the Christians, nor are they scared of the new legal system and its laws. By building the Christian church and establishing a new legal system with their own western laws, the colonial government gradually makes the tribal legal procedure less effective and destroys traditional beliefs. This shows that the western culture is interfering in the day-to-day running of the Igbo government. The third influence is on the education given by the lgbos. Educating people of different age groups in Umofia helped those who were eager for self-advancement, who soon realize the potential of the schools. Hence, by educating the people of Umofia, the Christians do well to the place. The people are able to widen their knowledge. There is no harm in educating somebody. Mr. Brown, one of the missionaries, teaches the ambitious students. Mr. Brown is, understanding, patient and friendly, which make the people, feel welcomed and they would thus want to continue studying to become responsible. More people came to learn in his school, and he encouraged them with singlets and towels. They were not all young, these people who came to learn. This shows that Mr. Browns school produced quick results. A few months in it were enough to make one a court messenger or even a court clerk. Those who stayed longer became teachers. This tells us that Mr. Browns school is effective and good. The studen ts can become successful and can even educate others, keeping the trend of education. On the other hand, through education, Mr. Brown is luring the Umofians to convert. By aiming at the different age groups, he wants the maximum number of converts who will accept the religion and its beliefs. The singlets and towels are forms of bribe as the Igbo have never used them. These items, therefore, symbolize luxury and also the mode of living of the white. By using such stuffs, they will feel superior to their fellow Umofians. Mr. Brown tries to become godly figure in the eyes of the people. Mr. Browns polite and caring nature helps him in his strategy to attract Umofians to convert. The last striking influence is that on trade. Christianity takes hold over the community but the clan also benefits from the trade and prosperity which it brings with it. In Chapter 21, the influence is introduced. The white man had indeed brought a lunatic religion, but he had also built a trading store and for the first time palm oil and kernel became things of great price, and much money flowed into Umofia. The coming of Christians brings money indirectly to the Igbos. By trading, they grow their knowledge about trading and other countries. Trading helps Umofia as they now have a trading store and get money to improve the place. The traders mostly trade palm oil and kernels. This buying and selling of goods changes Umofia. People now believe in the white missionaries and trust them better. This shows that the coming of Christianity in the Igbo society brings both positive and negative changes. This dealing requires manual skills and special training which might be given in Mr. Bro wns school. But in Umofia, before the arrival of Christianity, money was not of great value as sharing and borrowing existed. The appearance of money, through trading, decreases fraternity and friendship that was once there among the citizens. In a sense, the evil has been introduced in Umofia. There is competition and people want to be rich, unlike before. To conclude, the Igbo culture, in Things Fall Apart, is presented as both good and bad. Achebe manages to a great extent, to destroy the myth of the African savage. He impresses the reader by the fact that the white men are not bringing civilization, but are destroying the society. It shows that the colonization of Africa by western powers perpetuated the stereotype of primitive African savage. In Part 1 and Part 2, Achebe portrays a long-established and orderly African society with its strict hierarchy of gods, elders and titled men and with its own customs and religious beliefs. As from the end of Part 2, the white missionaries decide to destroy the culture and create hatred among its citizens. I think that each culture has the right for its own systems and other modern cultures, intruding, will just result in misunderstandings and hatred among the people who belong to the separate cultures. The arrival of the white missionaries makes few positive effects but also brings detestatio n in Umofia. Nevertheless, it also contributes considerably, as the Africans can learn new languages and modern techniques. 1550 words.